Abstract:
The concept of sustainability has gained more and more significance in the contemporary Supply Chain Management (SCM) as companies are under pressure to minimize the environmental impact and remain efficient in their operations (Uche Nweje & Moyosore Taiwo, 2025). Conventionally, the supply chains have been more concerned with cost, service, and speed of operations. The increasing issues surrounding climate change, resource depletion and environmental degradation have however changed the organizational focus to sustainable and environmentally responsible supply chain practices. Consequently, organizations in different sectors are currently incorporating sustainability in logistics, transport systems, warehousing, and packaging (Ekene Cynthia Onukwulu et al., 2022). Green logistics has become one of the important concepts in sustainable supply chain management (Nikseresht et al., 2024). It means the incorporation of the environmentally friendly practices into the logistics operations, including transportation, material handling, warehousing, packaging, and distribution. Green logistics aims at minimizing carbon emission, energy use, and enhancing resource efficiency without compromising the efficiency of the supply chain activities (Onukwulu et al., 2025). Besides minimizing the environmental impact, green logistics practices can also assist organizations to enhance operational efficiency, decrease fuel reliance, and increase long-term competitiveness. The other concept that is significant in the context of sustainable supply chains is the shift towards the linear supply chain models to the circular supply chain systems. The conventional logistics systems tend to be linear in nature where resources are mined, consumed and ultimately disposed. Circular supply chain models, on the contrary, are aimed at the maximization of resource use by means of recycling, reuse, remanufacturing, and recovery (Ekene Cynthia Onukwulu et al., 2022). Circular supply chains can greatly decrease waste production and environmental effects by increasing the lifecycle of materials and logistics assets.
