Impact of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms and Beliefs about Appearance on Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery among Females

Abstract

The rising popularity of cosmetic surgical procedures among females underscores the importance of understanding the psychological factors influencing such decisions. This study examined the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms, beliefs about appearance, and acceptance of cosmetic surgery (ACS) among females in Pakistan. Based on prior research (Kaleeny & Janis, 2024), it was hypothesized that BDD symptoms and appearance-related beliefs would be positively associated with ACS and would significantly predict the willingness to undergo aesthetic procedures. A purposive sample of 110 females aged 18–60 years was recruited from aesthetic clinics in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Participants completed the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ), the Beliefs About Appearance Scale (BAAS), and the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). Correlational analysis revealed significant positive associations between BDD symptoms, appearance-related beliefs, and ACS. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both BDD symptoms and appearance beliefs significantly predicted ACS, with appearance beliefs emerging as the stronger predictor. Additionally, a one-way ANOVA showed that women from middle and higher socioeconomic backgrounds reported higher acceptance of cosmetic surgery than those from lower socioeconomic groups. These findings emphasize the significant role of cognitive and emotional factors in shaping attitudes toward cosmetic surgery. The results highlight the need for incorporating psychological screening within aesthetic practices to identify individuals at risk and to promote healthier, more informed decisions regarding cosmetic enhancements within the South Asian context