Green Supply Chain Management, Environmental Collaboration and Sustainability Performance: Evidence from the Furniture Industry of Pakistan

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) initiatives on Sustainability Performance in Pakistan's furniture production sector. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) frameworks, the research explores how organizational environmental capabilities and cooperative approaches affect economic, environmental, and social sustainability results. While sustainability has become increasingly critical, research validating GSCM practices' effectiveness in Pakistan's furniture manufacturing industry remains scarce, especially within emerging market settings. The research utilized a quantitative methodology, gathering data through structured surveys from 150 management-level participants employed at prominent furniture manufacturing companies across Pakistan's key industrial centers, including Lahore, Chiniot, Gujrat, Karachi, Rawalpindi, and Peshawar. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25, implementing descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation assessment via the PROCESS Macro (Model 4) with bootstrapping. The results demonstrate that green procurement, green manufacturing, green distribution, and green logistics each demonstrate positive and statistically meaningful effects on sustainability performance. Furthermore, environmental collaboration shows a robust direct influence and significantly mediates the connections between all GSCM practices and sustainability performance. These findings underscore the necessity of combining internal green operational methods with collaborative environmental strategies to enhance sustainability outcomes. This research adds empirical knowledge to GSCM literature within a developing economy framework and offers actionable insights for industry leaders and policy developers by highlighting the strategic importance of environmentally conscious manufacturing processes and environmental partnerships in boosting sustainability performance in Pakistan's furniture manufacturing industry.