http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/442 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 12:03:47 GMT 2026-04-04T12:03:47Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1795 Awareness and the Determinants of Intent to Purchase Halal Personal care products : Empirical Evidence From Pakistan Ansari, Nadia This study investigated Muslim consumer behaviour in the unique context of purchasing halal personal care products in Pakistan. Essentially, it investigated consumer behaviour intentions regarding halal non-food products, in the light of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour (1985, 1991.2002). It also sought to know the effect of awareness of concept of halal in personal care products on the purchase decisions of Muslim consumers in Pakistan. Moreover, it explored religiosity's effect on consumer buying behavioural intent and its determinants in this particular context. In essence, this research attempts to add to existing knowledge by linking the concept of halal and consumer behaviour with personal care products. It was hypothesized that the three variables of TPB - attitude, subjective norm, perceived availability- were significant influencers of intent to purchase halal personal care products. It was further proposed that awareness of halal personal care products also influences consumers' purchase intent. A quantitative methodology was employed, where 236 urban, educated and affluent respondents from Karachi and Islamabad were included for participation. Since this was a behaviour-focused study, special attention was given to the target selection, in terms of their psychographic characteristics. These included only educated, urbane and affluent Muslims, male and female, in the target areas. This was done to ensure participation of only those respondents who have the knowhow of the significance of ingredients while shopping, and those who are consumers of multinational branded personal care items. Data was analysed through multiple regression and correlation using SPSS. Results revealed that attitudes and subjective norms are significant predictors of intent to buy halal personal products. However, perceived availability and awareness did not appear to have any significant impact. Religiosity was also found to impact intent to purchase. Moreover, awareness trends and perceptions of halal PCP were also analyzed. Supervised by : Dr. Hanif Mohammad Fri, 01 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1795 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1799 Effect of Demographic Factors on Investment Decision Making Process Sadia, Tahira Reg # 35988 Title: Effect of demographic Factors on investment decision making Issues of study: Value maximization of assets and cash inflows is traditionally considered as major interest to stakeholders. Investors on the basis of demographics and tolerance to the risk choose to put their savings to increase their present and future income inflows. However choosing between options and making investment final decision depends upon the demographics of individual. The investment options chosen are bifurcated in to high and low risk investment options and the preference on the basis age, gender, marital status, occupation, and income level, was a point of concern in this study Purpose: To be able to make a good investment decision, it is necessary to analyze investment decision-making process and, to draw an outcome about what actually cause an investor to make an investment decision was the purpose of study. The main focus of this study is on investment decision-making trends This study also discuss other variables which have positive effect on one's aptitude to choose an option and let go other such as financial literacy, which lead towards making investment decision. Method: The thesis is based on both literature studies and empirical research. The study identifies most relevant factor that contributes to make investment decision. Keeping in view each factor as a variable, its outcome on investment decision making on the basis of risk were evaluated. By combining the findings and results, a conclusion followed to link the results together Conclusion: The conclusion was drawn based on the results, most of the investors like to invest in secured or with minimum risk options like real estate, investment option with fixed rate of return and gold were preferred. However investment trend in stock exchange, and options with high level of risk was avoided by investors. Since level of risk differentiate an individual from risk averse to risk seeker, the study also identifies the age and gender having relation with investment decision making. Moreover choosing option or portfolio of investment also help to can diversify the risks of most uncertain a investment alternative Supervised by Dr. Iqbal Ahmad Panhwar Thu, 01 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1799 2015-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1796 Factors Effecting Performance of Women Entrepreneurship in Karachi Khan, Uzma Rasool Reg # 31447 In the current vicinity, entrepreneurship based business ventures are considered as the engim of growth for developing and developed economies. Innovation based organisations always try to create something different which is usually the solution to the problem and which also gives a great business opportunity to a business originator and that unique business solution opens doors of investment for local, domestic and international buyers. This provides a source of income not only for an entrepreneur but it is beneficial for the stabilit\ of the country, through circulation and mobilisation of local and foreign currency, as well. The overall objective of the research is to explore constraints which women entrepreneurs in Karachi face. Some well renowned women entrepreneur-based firms are having high growth rate in different fields of business. Currently in Karachi, citizens and especially younger generations are very much willing to use their capabilities to the max by entering into the phase of creation of their own businesses. Male as well as female entrepreneurs are trying to fix their feet, particularly the worn sector, which is highly energetic and eager to create an example for the future generation. Women entrepreneurs are not only able to earn self employment; they can also provide a grt contribution for the growth and economic development of the country. The basic purpose of the research is to reveal problems related to the need, trend, inflation, a maintenance of standard living, domestic issues, unstable marital status, and the financ independence for need facing by the women entrepreneurs in Karachi and to evaluate how the problems can be overcome or reduced. Multiple problems are attached with the trend of entrepreneurship, like the production cost getting higher and there doesn't seem to be a good quality and a lack of refinement in the produ or services. Electricity fluctuation is another big issue which is creating production and delive problems. Generators can be used as an alternative, but they themselves are an expensive mediu to bear by these entrepreneurs and this eventually leads to an increase in cost of production. The law and order situation is another problem which is creating high level difficulty to run t affairs of business material and the labor costs are increasing continuously. Every day strikes a, creating a delay of projects which Is increasing production cost and reducing the level of profits. 0 the other hand, Chinese products have made their way into the market with a very low pric securing their place in the international and domestic markets with much more ease as compared Pakistani Products. But despite these problems, the future of women entrepreneurs in Karacl seems bright because currently many organizations are engaged in a variety of research projects Supervised by : Dr. Khalid Hussain Sheikh Tue, 01 Sep 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1796 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1793 Employee Perception of Performance Management and Its Outcome: Evidence from Nonprofit Non government Education Organizations of Pakistan Dilshad, Waqas Bin Reg # 31444 Performance management is considered the most debated topic in organizations. It is also argued that employees^ perception of performance management plays a key role in organizational performance. Numerous researches have been conducted to explore this topic more comprehensively. Literature review found that corporate sector is giving little importance to performance management, while the nonprofit nongovernment sector has been overlooked by preceding researchers. The impact of the nonprofit nongovernment sector cannot be ignored in the economic development of developing countries like Pakistan especially in the field of education. Keeping in mind the due importance of this subject and lack of research in the area, this study aims to fill this gap in existing research by analyzing employees' perception of performance management and its outcome in nonprofit nongovernment educational organizations of Pakistan. The outcome of this perception has been further divided into five different variables namely; work performance, organizational commitment, voluntary turnover intention, organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction. The method adopted to collect primary data for the research is the close ended structured questionnaire. The survey was conducted in both print and online forms, 164 employees of nonprofit nongovernment educational organizations of Pakistan responded the questionnaire. Data was analyzed on the software, SPSS 20. Results demonstrate that a significant relationship exists between the independent variable (employees' perception of performance management) and the dependent variables (work performance, organizational commitment, voluntary turnover intention, organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction). The relationship of employee's perception of performance management system was observed to be positive in respect of all dependant variables except for voluntary turnover. One conclusion is that, an increment in independent variable was noted to lead to a positive effect in all the dependent variables. After a careful analysis all the null hypothesis have been rejected as per regression model results. Supervised by : Dr. Bashir Ahmad Tue, 01 Sep 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1793 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z