http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/281 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 12:12:34 GMT 2026-04-04T12:12:34Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8873 Basic Psychological Needs as Predictors of Individual Differences in Motivation: a comparison and Permanent Employees Hameed Bhatti, Muhammad Fahad The present study aims to determine the importance of basic psychological needs as predictors of individual differences in work motivation. It is a comparative study that qualitatively established differences in motivation between adhoc and permanent employees in the light of self-determination theory based on basic psychological needs theory, organismic integration theory and causality orientation theory (Deci &Ryan, 1985) using the quantitative comparative survey design. In the light of these theories the present study highlighted employees differences in motivation orientation and behavioral regulation in work place settings under the three facets of autonomy orientation, control orientation and impersonal motivation orientation. For this purpose a sample of 300 employees, including 150 adhoc employees of which 75 were males and 75 females and 150 permanent employees of which 75 were males and 75 females from various organizations were gathered through convenient sampling by using a consent form, a demographic form, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (Deci & Ryan 2000), the General Causality Orientations Scale (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivational Scale (Deci & Ryan 2000). The obtained results were analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences. The significant implication of the present study draws attention to the basic psychological needs as the differentiating factor between the adhoc employees and permanent employee’s motivation orientation at workplace. The resourceful knowledge f would aid the human resource executives along the organizational psychologists to gain a deeper insight into the various factors that drive the behaviors of employees during the probation period and after their confirmation in an organization. It would thus focus to bring attention to a grossly ignored capacity of basic psychological needs and motivation orientations . of adhoc employees, who are newly inducted, and compare it with the permanent employees. Supervised by Dr. Tahira Yousuf Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8873 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7165 Emotional intelligence and Resilience as Predictors of University Adjustment of Students Uzma, Jillani Emotional intelligence and resilience plays an important role in university adjustment of students. The present study examined the relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Resilience with university adjustment of students. It also studied the effectiveness of emotional intelligence and resilience in predicting university adjustment of students. Further, gender difference and students adjustment in university with relation to academic year is also explored. To achieve these, it was hypothesized that: There will be a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and university adjustment of students, there will be a significant relationship between resilience and university adjustment of students and emotional intelligence and resilience will be the predictors of student adjustment in university. The sample of 300 (150 males and 150 females) university students with age range between ■ 17 to 30 years were recruited from different universities of Karachi city. presented with informed consent form followed by Participants were demographic information form, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (Schutte et al,. 1998), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10-item version Adjustment Scale (Weber & Kaya, 2003). Pearson product moment correlation, Multiple regression, t-test and ANCOVA were utilized to Results showed that emotional intelligence and resilience with university adjustment of students. Supervised by Dr. Zainab Hussain Bhutto Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7165 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8871 Somatic Expression of Emotional Distress-Patient's Perspective Visiting Medical OPD'S in Karachi a Qualitative Study Tofique, Sehrish The present study was conducted to explore the views of people experiencing somatic symptoms, their possible explanations, stressors and understanding of treatment. For this phenomenological study, qualitative interviews were done till the point of saturation with male and female of age 18 or above who scored 9 or above on PHQ 15(patient health questionnaire). Before interview screening was done in which demographic form and PHQ 15 was used, from those who screened positive on PHQ 15 in medical opds consent was taken for the qualitative interview for approximately 45 to 1 hour session. Interviews were conducted in local language of participants. j The obtained results were analyzed by using the thematic framework analysis which comprises of 5 steps. 1) Familiarization, 2) identifying a thematic framework, 3) indexing, 4) charting, 5) mapping and interpretation. The reported result of this study has shown physical symptoms of participants, feelings experienced by participants, coping strategies, triggering factors to physical symptoms, impact of medically unexplained symptoms on participant’s life and perception of participants regarding others. Above mentioned factors are helpful and provide guidelines in developing culturally adapted intervention for people suffering from medically unexplained symptoms. Supervised by Dr. Zainab F. Zadeh Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8871 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8861 Differences in the Level of Stress and Burnout Among Job Employees Business Owners and Entrepreneurs Zahid, Ayesha This study aimed to find out the difference i in the levels of stress and burnout between job employees, business owners and entrepreneurs. It was hypothesized that there will be a difference in level of stress and burnout between job employees, business owners and :entrepreneurs. It was also hypothesized that there will be a difference in the resources of job:employees, business owners and entrepreneurs and that there will be a difference in the! i demands of job employees, business owners and entrepreneurs. Total 150 participants (50 i from each group) aged between 20-55 years were approached through convenient sampling. : Job employees were taken from executive managerial level working in public and private t sector organizations. Business owners were individuals owning their private firm or industry :! which could be inherited. Entrepreneurs were approached through social media and purposive sampling. The Job Demand and Resource Scale (JDRS; Jackson & Rothmann, 2005), was !! used to measure the level of stress and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) by Maslach, j Jackson & Leiter (1980), was used to measure the level of burnout among the three groups. i i The results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and MANOVA. The results revealed significant difference in the resources of job employees, business owners and entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs were found to have most resources available to them as compared to other work groups. The results revealed no significant difference in the demands of job employees, business owners and entrepreneurs. A significant difference was found between the level of j ! stress and burnout among job employees, business owners and entrepreneurs; where :- entrepreneurs were found to have least degree of burnout. For future researches, it is recommended that data must be collected from different segments of organizations to ensure generalization. Supervised by Dr. Zainab Hussain Bhutto Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8861 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z