http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21382 Wed, 08 Jul 2026 13:45:19 GMT 2026-07-08T13:45:19Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21388 Women's participation in decision-making for the type of anaesthesia for childbirth: Aqualitative study in Pakistan Margus Bibi , Raisa Begum Gul , Kainat Asmat , Muhammad Nasir Ayub Khan Objective: To explore women's participation in decision-making related to the type of anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. Methods: The exploratory, descriptive qualitative study was conducted from June to August 2021 and comprised women aged at least 18 years who were either planned for elective caesarean section or had undergone elective caesarean section at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan, and a secondary care hospital in the mountainous northern areas of the country. was triangulated via semistructured interviews and observations. Data was subjected to manual content analysis, and codes were assigned based on manifest and latent information. The codes were merged to form categories, and a theme was extracted after repeated reflection on the categories. Results: Of the 20 women with age ranging 25-38 years, 11(55%) were from the secondary care hospital, and 9(45%) were from the tertiary care hospitals. Overall, 11(55%) women received general anaesthesia and 9(45%) received spinal anaesthesia. Data saturation was achieved in the 14th interview 14 (70%) and the remaining 6(30%) subjects were observed by the researchers. Content analysis led to four categories: initiation of discussion about anaesthesia, quality of discussion about anaesthesia, opportunity for patients' input in the decision, and factors influencing the decision. The categories led to the generation of an overarching theme: ensure the norms; follow the commands. Conclusion: The decision regarding the choice of anaesthesia for caesarean sections was usually in line with the hospitals' unwritten standards, which were either aligned with evidence-based medical practice, or the availability and competence of anaesthesiologists. Women were usually the recipients of information by the anaesthesiologists. Principal Nursing, BUCN Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21388 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21386 CONCEPT ANALYSIS ON MORAL SUFFERING Mehrunnisa*1, Bibi Amira2, Margus Bibi3 Moral suffering is a complex and underexplored phenomenon experienced by healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, when they are unable to act according to their moral judgment due to institutional, hierarchical, or situational constraints. This concept analysis, guided by Walker and Avant’s methodology, aimed to clarify the meaning, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of moral suffering within nursing practice. Literature review revealed that moral suffering is characterized by negative feelings such as frustration, guilt, and helplessness, often accompanied by powerlessness, conflicting loyalties, and uncertainty. Antecedents include moral sensitivity, recognition of ethical dilemmas, and the presence of institutional barriers, while consequences extend to physical and psychological distress, reduced job satisfaction, and compromised patient care. Through model and contrary cases, the analysis illustrates how moral suffering emerges in clinical settings, particularly in contexts of futile medical interventions, end-of-life decisions, and hierarchical conflicts. Empirical referents such as adapted moral distress scales provide measurable insight into the phenomenon. Findings underscore the significance of recognizing and addressing moral suffering to safeguard nurse well-being, enhance patient advocacy, and improve organizational outcomes. This analysis contributes to theory development and highlights the urgent need for interventions and supportive strategies to reduce moral suffering in nursing practice. Principal Nursing, BUCN Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21386 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21384 Understanding the Role of Empathy in Mental Health Nursing Practice Dr. Rehana Batool Niazi1, Margus Bibi2, Saira Manzoor3 This qualitative study explored how empathy shapes the daily experiences of mental health nurses working in government and private hospitals. Interviews with 20 participants, 10 female and 10 male nurses revealed that empathy fosters trust, therapeutic relationships, and patient recovery. Female nurses emphasized active listening, emotional regulation, and patient-centered engagement, highlighting how empathy helps build deeper connections. Male nurses focused on professional boundaries, stress management, and empathy under pressure, demonstrating that understanding rather than emotional expression defines professional care. Both groups acknowledged barriers such as emotional fatigue, workload, and institutional stressors, yet valued reflective practice and teamwork as strategies to sustain empathy. Findings suggest that incorporating empathy training and emotional intelligence modules into nursing education can enhance compassionate, effective, and recovery-oriented mental health care. Principal, Nursing, BUCN Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21384 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21389 Impact of Hostel Life on the Psychological Well-Being and Loneliness of Nursing Students Rehana Batool Niazi *1, Margus Bibi 2, Nudrut Maryam3 This study examined the impact of hostel living on the psychological well-being and feelings of loneliness among nursing students. A sample of 150 students residing in hostels, aged between 18 and 25, completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale and reported experiencing social isolation. The findings indicated that participants, particularly first-year students, experienced a higher level of loneliness and psychological distress compared to their senior counterparts. The findings indicate a strong positive correlation between loneliness and psychological distress, suggesting that as feelings of loneliness increase, so too does emotional suffering. Students residing in hostels for over a year indicated lower levels of loneliness, implying that social adaptation improves over time. The findings highlight the emotional challenges faced by nursing students, particularly during the initial phase of dormitory living. The study emphasizes the significance of enhancing treatments such as mental health counseling, peer mentorship, and better hostel facilities to assist nursing students in reducing feelings of loneliness and fostering psychological well-being. Principal Nursing, BUCN Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21389 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z