Anatomy Publications (BUCM-IC)

THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL ON ARSENIC INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN ALBINO RATS

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL ON ARSENIC INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN ALBINO RATS Hira Waqas Cheema, Farheen Masood, Aamna Khalil, Tayyaba Fahad, Fareeha Mushtaq, Maria Yasmeen Background: Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a major public health concern in Pakistan and globally. Chronic exposure induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and structural cardiac damage leading to cardiomyopathy. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, has shown protective effects in various organs, but its role in arsenic-induced cardiac injury is not well established. Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of EVOO against arsenic-induced gross and histological alterations in the heart of albino rats. Methods: Forty-five adult male albino rats were divided into three groups (n = 15 each): Group I (control, distilled water), Group II (arsenic, 40 mg/kg sodium arsenate), and Group III (arsenic + EVOO, 0.2 ml/day). After four weeks, hearts were excised, weighed, and examined histologically for congestion, inflammatory infiltration, edema and myocyte hypertrophy. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, and Chi-square tests, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: Arsenic significantly increased heart weight (1.77 ± 0.04 g) and myocyte diameter (36.9 ± 1.0 μm) compared with controls (1.32 ± 0.03 g; 22.0 ± 0.9 μm; p < 0.001). EVOO prevented these changes, with values (1.38 ± 0.02 g; 24.4 ± 1.1 μm) comparable to controls (p > 0.05). Edema and inflammatory infiltration were absent in controls, but present in 80% and 93% of arsenic-exposed rats, respectively. EVOO reduced these to 60% each (p < 0.0001). Congestion was observed in 27% of arsenic-only and 33% of arsenic + EVOO rats, with no significant difference (p = 0.054). Conclusion: EVOO confers significant cardioprotection against arsenic-induced cardiomyopathy by normalizing heart weight and myocyte size and reducing histological damage. Assistant Professor Dr Tayyaba Fahad, Anatomy, BUCM

Neuroanatomical Alterations in the Rat Auditory Cortex Induced by Fourth and Fifth Generation Wireless Radiation Exposure: A Laboratory-Based Experimental Study

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Neuroanatomical Alterations in the Rat Auditory Cortex Induced by Fourth and Fifth Generation Wireless Radiation Exposure: A Laboratory-Based Experimental Study Arifa Haroon, Shabana Ali, Ubaid Umar, Sadia Farooq, Tayyaba Qureshi, Tayyaba Fahad Objective: To compare the effects of Fourth and Fifth Generation 2100 MHz and 3500 MHz) radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on cortical layer organization and granule cell necrosis in the auditory cortex of rats. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Anatomy Department, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from November 2023 to October 2024. Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 per group). Group A served as the control with no RF-EMR exposure. Group B was exposed to 2100 MHz Fourth Generation (4G), and Group C to 3500 MHz Fifth Generation (5G) RF-EMR using an ADALM-PLUTO module. All exposures were conducted for 5 hours daily over 4 weeks. Following exposure, the rats were sacrificed, and their auditory cortices were subjected to histological analysis using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Cortical layer organization and granule cell necrosis were evaluated. Necrosis was graded from 0 (no necrosis) to 4 (severe necrosis). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27, with a P-value ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: All groups showed regular cortical layering with distinct borders. Granule cell necrosis was absent in controls, minimal in 4G (Group B), and more severe in 5G (Group C), where 10% showed severe necrosis. Necrosis grades differed significantly among groups (P = 0.006), with 5G showing the highest neurotoxicity. Conclusion: Compared to 4 G exposure, 5G radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation results in significant granule cell necrosis in the auditory cortex, suggesting that higher-frequency electromagnetic radiation may induce greater neurotoxic effects. These findings highlight the potential risks of prolonged exposure to 5G radiation, particularly regarding neuronal integrity and brain health. Assistant Professor Dr Tayyaba Fahad, Anatomy, BUCM

CHALLENGES IN LEARNING ANATOMY BY FIRST YEAR BDS STUDENTS, ITS DIFFICULTIES AND ASSESSMENT METHODS PREFERRED BY THEM - A FEEDBACK STUDY

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

CHALLENGES IN LEARNING ANATOMY BY FIRST YEAR BDS STUDENTS, ITS DIFFICULTIES AND ASSESSMENT METHODS PREFERRED BY THEM - A FEEDBACK STUDY Dr. Farheen Masood1, Dr. Amna Bilal2*, Dr. Irum Rehman3, Dr. Ayesha Haque4, Dr. Maryam Tariq5, Fatima Masood6 Medical anatomy, a significant component of the first-year curriculum, must be taught at this time when students must acclimate to a whole new environment outside of school. At this moment, it is necessary to address several significant values and behaviours in the students. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the difficulties first-year BDS students encountered in the key areas of anatomy as well as their opinions of certain suggested approaches to problem-solving. Methodology: After obtaining permission from ethical approval committee of the institution, this research will be carried out on the students who have finished their first Prof exam. All students will be told not to put their names on the questionnaire to avoid any prejudice. The study will conduct by providing structured questionnaire via google form to 1st year students irrespective of their performances in Anatomy throughout the year Results: Students were asked to select the area of anatomy that they found most challenging to study in the first questionnaire. The fact that 45 (60%) of students selected gross anatomy indicated that they had difficulty adjusting to and comprehending the subject. Students in embryology said that they could not follow the events 38 (50.6%) and 29 (38.7%) that they could not use the charts and models that were shown to them to apply their theoretical knowledge. , the majority of students 41 (54.6%) chose liked a mix of structured descriptive questions, short answer questions, and multiple-choice questions while followed by Mcq’s 14 (18.7%). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate how difficult it is for first-year BDS students to master anatomy, especially gross anatomy and embryology. To improve their comprehension and memory of anatomical ideas, students also preferred a mix of evaluation methods, including multiplechoice, short-answer, and structured descriptive questions Senior Professor Farheen Masood HOD Anatomy BUCM

SHIELDING EFFECTS OF CORN SILK EXTRACT AGAINST DOXORUBICIN INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

SHIELDING EFFECTS OF CORN SILK EXTRACT AGAINST DOXORUBICIN INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS Amber Shami, Amaidah Mir, Urfa Zaryab Mir, Hammad Ahmed Butt, Rabia Ejaz, Maria Yasmeen Background: Doxorubicin is a known anticancer drug. This study evaluated the protective effects of corn silk extract on hepatotoxicity induced by Doxorubicin in albino rats. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in animal house of Anatomy Department, PGMI, Lahore, for one year in 2022. Thirty healthy adult albino rats of either sex, aging 6–8 weeks with 180–220 g of weight were randomly allotted to three groups 1 (control), 2 (experimental group-1), and 3 (experimental group-2) (n=10) that were given standard rat feed and distilled water ad libitum. Intraperitonially 1.2 mg/Kg body weight distilled water and doxorubicin were given to group 1 and group 2+3 for 21 days respectively. Group-3 was also given corn silk extract 400 mg/Kg/body weight by oral gavage for 21 days. On 22nd day, blood was drawn for biochemical analysis of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and liver were preserved for tissue processing and histological analysis. Results: Serum alkaline phosphatase of group 1 was 134.70±15.18, group 2 was 328.30±18.05, and group 3 was 229.9±17.9. The serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase of group 1 was 2.6±1.4, group 2 was 17.63±1.4, and group 3 was 9.6±1.2 (p<0.01). Histological analysis showed that group 1 rats had normal liver histology. Sinusoidal congestion and granuloma formation was observed in all rats of group 2. While in group 3, minimal sinusoidal congestion and granuloma formation was seen. Conclusion: Corn silk extract has protective effects against doxorubicin induced liver damage. Assistant Professor Dr Maria Yasmeen Anatomy BUCM