http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/10360 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 12:03:50 GMT 2026-04-04T12:03:50Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16296 Determining The Most Effective Strategies Of E-Commerce For Novice Entrepreneurs Minahil Rasul, 01-246202-005 Today, e-commerce is becoming an integral part of every business with the booming of new business models and e-services. With the advancement in this era, e-commerce has provided immediate benefits such as profitability, cost saving and efficiency. There is a need to determine the effective strategies that other countries have adopted and become successful in the e-commerce field. The aim of this research is to determine the most effective e-commerce strategies that can help novice entrepreneurs to build up a successful business model that can help them succeed in the e-commerce field. This research is quantitative research, conducted to find the most effective strategies that were adopted by world-famous ecommerce businesses. The closed ended questionnaire was used and targeted population was all-level managers/employees working in Pakistan’s top e-commerce companies. This research was descriptive and applied research. This research was conducted using epistemological philosophical underpinnings. A random sampling technique was used for this descriptive research. 330 samples were floated among the respondents, of which 320 were used for analysis of this study. Results show a positive influence of ecommerce strategies on success of novice entrepreneurs trying to succeed in the e-commerce field. This study intends to prove that effective e-commerce strategies, which are equally important and play a significant role in the success of novice entrepreneurs new in e-commerce and trying to succeed. Through this research, entrepreneurs and e-commerce companies will learn about these strategies' effectiveness with benefits of effectiveness and profitability. Supervised by Bilal Ashraf Awan Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16296 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16298 Determining Suitable Technological Trends for Highways and Motorways Construction and Delivery Projects: Case Study of Pakistan Muhammad Haroon Safdar, 01-246211-005 This research aims to determine the use of suitable technological trends in construction projects in Pakistan by finding their effectiveness in construction delivery. This research first reflects on the developments related to the use of technologies for construction delivery, notably for highways/motorways. The discussion in this research is done on the basis of the effectiveness of new technological trends in highways and motorway construction industries. Many different technologies are being used for the construction of highways and motorways. This research focused on the following technologies: Visualization and Modeling Technologies, Instrumentation and sensors, Interconnected Technologies, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), and Safety Technologies. A research model was made to conduct this research linking these technologies to their effectiveness. We adopted a questionnaire by research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation. The data was gathered by a survey questionnaire using both hard copies and online forms. Analysis results showed that these technologies in IT, are being commonly used in the construction industry of Pakistan for the construction and delivery of highways/ motorways. We concluded that all the companies/organizations are using at least one technology in a particular area. Most respondents found these technologies to be effective in their construction/delivery projects, and thus are suitable for construction delivery. Supervised by Bilal Ashraf Awan Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16298 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/14537 IMPACT OF DISSOCIATION OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS IN PARTICIPATIVE DECISION MAKING (PDM) BY MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCT PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF PAKISTAN’S SOFTWARE INDUSTRY Sumayya Iftikhar, 01-246191-013 Participative decision making (PDM) is one of the most essential factors in context of an organization. It is defined as ‘the art of involvement of employees in decision making to accomplish organizational objectives’. A wide range of research shows that the involvement of engineers in organizational decision making was low. This indicates the possibility of firm’s managers are not being analytical about employee’s participative decision making, possibly due to the concept of high power distance culture. In this type of culture, employees are only considered as workforce, and their opinions are not considered valuable. Moreover, Management usually expects a single certain answer for clear direction instead of a variety of possible options. This study aims to investigate the impact of participation of software developers in decision making on product performance. For this purpose, the impact of age, qualification, gender, job satisfaction in the workplace, and product performance on the level of PDM of software developers have been investigated. This study was conducted in the software industry of Pakistan. In this study, a quantitative research approach is used. The data for this study was collected through a questionnaire from a sample of 200 software developers working in the software houses across Pakistan. The findings of the data were analyzed using SPSS. The results show that significant relationship exists between level of PDM and product performance. Similarly, significant relationship exists between level of PDM and job satisfaction. The results of this study can help decision-makers in understanding that participative decision making significantly increases the employee's work outcomes, like employee’s job satisfaction and productivity of employees in terms of product performance to their organization. Supervised by Dr. Abdul Baseer Qazi Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/14537 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/14534 Implementing Positive Lean Manufacturing in Automotive Industry: A Case Study Muhammad Sajjad, 01-246192-009 In the current competitive economic environment, the survival of industries in the global market can only be possible if production is done with high quality and minimum cost. The human factor is the main component of lean manufacturing, the knowledge of workers and management staff affects the success rate of implementation of lean. Low quality and high price products are the main obstacles of the organization. This study helps to understand the importance of human elements in which the implementation of lean manufacturing in the organization involves lower-level workers which have been more helpful to make the organization productive. Observed the previous layouts and find the flaws and gaps in the manufacturing process, layouts and pre-decision process that how much human factor involved in the current situation. Layout improvements, WIP concept, JIT, Time and Motion study were implemented with help of human factor involvement on every stage of the pre-decision process through the motivation of workers, defining the responsibilities and duties of the workers and standardized the work through process flow, detail and assembly drawings, quality checks and production record and analysis had done on available data with the use of the QuasiExperiment method. The data had been gathered before and after implementing these techniques with the help of workers and management staff. The MATLAB software was used to create the Plotting cool graph for better data manipulated and explained the difference. After implementation of these techniques 30% and 40.7 % manpower were reduced in the Water Bowzer and Fire Fighting vehicle project respectively. Implementation of JIT and WIP Concept with the involvement of human factor the rollout time is reduced to 34% in Water Bowzer and 85% in Fire Fighting vehicle project. Supervised By Dr. Sheikh Zahoor Sarwar Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/14534 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z