http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/10324 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 12:26:16 GMT 2026-04-04T12:26:16Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19190 Rare Earth Elements From Coal Samples: Case Study Of Dara Adam Khel, Khyber Pakhtunkha, Pakistan Eman Akbar This study presents the evaluation of rare earth elements (REE’s) in raw coal samples by performing geochemical analysis on coal deposits of Hangu Formation, Dara Adam Khel, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Making them from unconventional resources, in particular coal, is critical because these so-called rare earth elements also are embrace in modern revolution including electronics, renewable energy sources and defense uses. Present study of raw coal samples examined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Out of 17 rare earth elements in the periodic table, only one element was below the detection limit; ICP-MS showed its high consideration and accuracy in the detection of REE concentration. XRD analysis provided crucial information regarding the mineralogical composition of the coal samples, indicating that certain minerals—such as clay minerals and secondary phosphates were associated with rare earth elements (REE’s). Geochemical data indicates that REEs contain large variations in concentrations in coal seams, which are controlled by deposition and diagenesis. These findings suggest that the coal resources of Dara Adam Khel could represent a small yet significant source of REE’s, especially the highly sought after elements neodymium, dysprosium, and yttrium. In addition to providing greater insight into the concentration of REE in coal, this study also demonstrates that coal-derived REE's hold significant economic potential to diversify Pakistan's resource base. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach in assessing coal for strategic resource development and sustainable extraction strategies is demonstrated through the integration of ICP-MS and XRD methodologies. Supervised by Dr. Mumtaz Ali Khan Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19190 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19191 Reservoir Potential Evaluation of Lower Goru Formation in Zaur Field, Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan Ammar Ul Hassan; Muhammad Haseeb Ul Hassan The well Zaur-1 and Zaur-3 were drilled to evaluate an exploration prospect in Zaur field. The petrophysical analysis was performed to determine the petrophysical properties, Intervals of hydrocarbon potential along with the accessing the thickness of the intervals and porosity of formations. A significant reservoir discovery has been made in Lower Goru Formation. A conventional suite of Wireline logs including Gamma Ray, SP, LLS, LLD, MSFL, Density and Neutron were acquired for formation evaluation purposes. The Petrophysical analysis has been done on Geo Graphics, Gverse. The Lower Goru Formation of Zaur 1 started from 1766.93 having thickness of 214m and in Zaur 3 started from 1894.64 having a thickness of 236m. The Lower Goru Formation of Zaur 1 has four Sand Zones in it as A Sand (1766.93-1803.2), B Sand (1816-1844), C Sand (1895-1973), and D Sand ( 1973-1981).The average calculated parameters that’s volume of shale is 15, 7, 58 and 72 %, Average porosity is 4, 10, 11, 12 %, effective porosity is 3, 9 ,4 ,9 % and saturation of Hydrocarbon is about 2, 80 ,35, 12 percent. The Zaur 3 well also exhibits four Sand Zones in it as A Sand (1894-1926), B Sand (1937-1975), C Sand (2015-2101), and D Sand ( 2010- 2050) having volume of shale 10, 9,43,44 %, Average porosity 8, 11,13,13 %, Effective porosity 7,10, 7, 7 % and Saturation of Hydrocarbon is 20,52, 37 ,33 % in it. The analysis indicates that B Sand of Zaur 1 has highest hydrocarbon saturation compared to B Sand and in Zaur 3. Supervised by Dr. Muhammad Raiees Amjad Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19191 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19302 Delineation of Potential Reservoir Intervals and Lithology Variations Using Wireline Data of Drigri-01 And Kotrum-01 Wells, Middle Indus Basin Pakistan Hammad Ahmed; Muhammad Ahmed This study evaluates the petrophysical characteristics and lithological variations of the Kotrum-01 and Drigri-01 wells in the Middle Indus Basin, Pakistan. By using wireline log data to delineate potential reservoir intervals including gamma-ray, resistivity, neutron density and sonic logs which provided insights into shale volume, porosity, and fluid saturation. The stratigraphic correlation revealed significant facies variations influencing reservoir quality. The Habib Rahi and Lower Ranikot were the key reservoir units, demonstrating lithological heterogeneity influencing fluid distribution and storage capacity. The Cross-plot techniques used including M-N and Density-Neutron cross plots, were applied to refine lithology and fluid identification, improving reservoir characterization. Fluid saturation models, such as Archie’s and Simandoux's equations, were used to estimate water saturation and hydrocarbon distribution. These findings enhance hydrocarbon recovery potential and optimize field development strategies in the Middle Indus Basin. Supervised by Dr. Muhammad Raiees Amjad Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19302 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19301 Seismic Waveform Data Analysis of Seismic Network Stations of Islamabad, Peshawar and Lahore, Pakistan Hamza Shakeel; Saad Jamil Pakistan is one of the most seismically dynamic nations on the planet. It is surrounded by several active fault zones due to which earthquakes are a frequent activity in Pakistan. Pakistan Meteorological Department’s Seismology Division is responsible for keeping a record of these events. The primary goal of this research project is to trace these events and separate them from the noise. After that separation, different calculations will be applied to check the quality of seismic data obtained from three different stations of Islamabad, Lahore, and Peshawar. Supervised by Mr. Adil Naseer Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19301 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z