http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9396 2026-04-04T12:35:30Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20492 Overcoming the Challenges of Overcrowding in Public Care Hospitals through Telemedicine – A Quantitative Study Muhammad Tariq, 01-280192-001 Globally, a substantial portion of the populace lacks access to essential healthcare services, with at least 400 million people missing out on basic services like family planning, maternal health, and immunization. Over one million deaths of children under 5 years are estimated annually. The statistics explicitly display the devastated and fragile healthcare systems across the world. Pakistan is a developing republic that ranks as the sixth most populous country in the world, characterized by a rich tapestry of social and cultural credentials. The majority of its population experiences inadequate healthcare service projects, primarily due to an overwhelmed healthcare system with acute deficiency of human and technical resources, negative attitude towards technological advancements and poor management practices. Many healthcare facilities across the country suffer from outdated equipment, inadequate staffing, well below the recommended level of hospital density, socio-cultural barriers and insufficient funding. The ineffectiveness of repeatedly attempted traditional strategies in healthcare projects, such as adjusting the balance of primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare services, has become increasingly apparent. It hence now calls for an urgent transition to the use of modern Health Information and Communication Technology like Telemedicine, for its prospects to provide appropriate, timely and cost effective sustainable healthcare in both developing as well as under developed countries. Evaluation of the perceptions, social values and societal variables in specific environments of people, using technology evaluation models is hence found imperative as literature unfortunately also discloses numerous studies of abortive public sector smart healthcare ventures which were initially expected to revolutionize healthcare delivery. Ultimate evidence about the performance of Telemedicine practice in Pakistan is yet to be furnished. The main objective of this research study is to explore dimensions as how to develop healthcare management via ICT by incorporating telemedicine. The study is thus undertaken to evaluate the causal relationship between the identified key constructs of an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model including the added constructs towards Telemedicine practice in existing health infrastructure in Pakistan. This is being achieved by undertaking a cross sectional study of novel hybrid data of randomized 554 healthcare seekers and 427 healthcare providers from major cities all across Pakistan using Purposive sampling. The analysis of the study has been carried out through empirically testing the hypothesis by means of standard multivariate analysis methods, including regression, factor analysis, correlation and analysis of variance through AMOS and SPSS. The study also conducted a survey of existing telemedicine employment with challenges at a regional canvas. The findings of the study support the majority of the proposed hypothesis. Fundamental variables of UTAUT model i.e. Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Cost Effectiveness (Social Influence) and Health Literacy (Facilitating Conditions) are found to enhance the Healthcare seeker’s Satisfaction and Healthcare Provider’s Clinical Productivity. The impact of eHealth Readiness and moderation of Implementation Leadership needs further evaluation. The study recommends appreciable EBPs in the form of further studies with same and different constructs before launching any pilot project as initial step towards expansion of HICTs in health delivery to underserved and remote rural and urban populace. M-health is recommended as one amongst effective methodologies for adoption of telemedicine in Pakistan. Use of existing healthcare infrastructure of BHUs as “Spokes” and tertiary/secondary hospitals as “Hubs” can also result in gradual amalgamation of telemedicine in existing health infrastructure of Pakistan. Supervised by Dr. Shahid Iqbal 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20490 Impact of Project Governance, High-Performance Work Practices and Transformational Leadership on Project Success with Mediating Role of Team-Building and Moderating Role of Organizational Culture Muhammad Waseem, 01-280181-003 Project failure is a global phenomenon with a high project failure rate. Moreover, a high failure rate is observed in the telecom sector of projects. Due to the high level of competition in the telecommunications industry, the broad-spectrum business problem this study addresses is how project governance (PG), high-performance work practices (HPWPs), and transformational leadership (TFL) with team-building (TB) as mediators and organizational culture (OC) as moderators achieve project success in Pakistan. This study aims to analyze the impact of PG, HPWPs, and TFL on PS in developing countries like Pakistan and to investigate how project success can be achieved by applying TB as a mediator and OC as a moderator. For this study, the telecom sector was chosen as the population, and five telecom vendors were selected for investigation, as they are the actual project organizations and are responsible for the smooth execution of telecom services, which includes upgrading the telecom infrastructure and execution of projects. The study applied a moderated mediation theoretical framework approach. The study adopted the instrument items from the literature, and the questionnaire was prepared using Google Forms. The questionnaire was shared using electronic and social media within the five telecom vendors. Project members of these telecom vendors are spread nationwide, and physical access to these members was challenging. Therefore, considering these constraints, a multi-stage cluster sampling technique was applied for data collection. According to the literature, this sampling technique is most appropriate for the dispersed population. The sample size of the study is 463. There are 12 hypotheses: three on direct relationships, three on mediation (teambuilding) and moderation (organizational culture), and three on moderated mediation. The analysis revealed that ten hypotheses were accepted out of these 12 hypotheses, and twohypotheses were rejected. The rejected hypotheses include one moderation hypothesis and one moderated mediation hypothesis. The results showed that organizational culture, which is a moderator, has an insignificant impact on the relationship between transformational leadership and project success. Furthermore, the same moderator and team-building as a mediator, i.e., moderated mediation, have an insignificant impact on the relationship between transformational leadership and project success. Theoretically, the study highlights the potential interconnections between PG, HPWPs, and TFL in determining project success. In practical terms, organizations may leverage these results to enhance project success by prioritizing efficient PG structures, promoting HPWPs, and fostering TFL attributes while acknowledging the critical moderating role of OC and the mediating role of team-building. Supervised by Dr. Shahid Iqbal 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20494 The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Project Success: Mediating Effect of Strategic Renewal and Moderating Role of Project Manager’s Competency Ehtasham Ul Haq, 01-280171-001 Projects have been playing an imperative part in the success and development of organizations and societies. However, existing research reveals that mostly projects face various challenges, especially low success rate due to the lack of entrepreneurial orientation practices. Scholars within the existing academic literature have also suggested the exploration of the importance of project managers' contributions in relation to the achievement of project success. Now organizations aim at minimizing these challenges through entrepreneurial orientation, strategic renewal and focusing on project manager’s competencies to complete projects successfully. Therefore, this study intends to explore the effect of entrepreneurial orientation along with its five dimensions (Innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk taking, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy), through mediating effect of strategic renewal and through moderating role of project manager’s competency in the successful completion of information technology projects. This explanatory sequential design, study employed a simple random sampling technique in the first phase for the data collection through a survey from 400 project managers of information technology sector projects of Pakistan. In total 357 responses were received showing 89% response rate. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. This study used SPSS (Social Statistical Package for Social Science), Hayes PROCESS (Model 1 and 4), and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) statistical software for all of its statistical analysis of the quantitative part of the study. In second phase of this study personal experiences and knowledge of the project managers gathered through interviews in order to identify themes by using NVivo in qualitative part of the study that supported in the rapid processing of large amounts of data. However, the findings of the study discovered that there is a significant positive effect of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions on project success. In the sector of information technology, notably the entrepreneurial orientation overall and dimensions-wise positively and significantly affects project success. The study reveals that strategic renewal mediates between entrepreneurial orientation and project success. This study identified the project manager’s competency significantly moderate the relationship of dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation with project success in information technology sector. In nutshell, an increase in adoption of entrepreneurial orientation overall and dimensions-wise increases the effectiveness level of information technology projects. Finally, the study gives practical implications for practitioners of project management towards comprehensive policy development regarding entrepreneurial orientation, strategic renewal and project manager’s competency for the successful completion of information technology sector projects. Supervised Dr. Shahid Iqbal 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20491 Employing a Sustainability Model for Assessing CSR- ESG and Its Impact on Financial Performance: A Comparative Analysis of BRICS and Pakistan Mehreen Ansari, 01-280171-006 This study is an attempt to investigate and explain the ESG (environmental, social, and governance initiatives) and Financial Performance relationship of the listed companies in particular context of emerging economies, specially BRICS and Pakistan. In addition, this research also explores how ESG, impacts the overall financial performance of the firms operating in Pakistan in comparison to the major developing economies. Furthermore, it provides insights on how sustainability framework, namely Triple bottom line (TBL or 3 P’s model), plays a role for upholding social, environmental and financial interests of the stakeholders, particularly the listed firms of the emerging economies. This study used ROA (Return on assets) and TQ (Tobin’s Q) as a proxy for financial performance, which is the dependent variable. For independent variable; ESG combines as well as environmental, social, and governance scores are used. The dataset included 828 firms from the stock exchanges of the 6 countries from the year 2010 to 2020. Analysis started with Ordinary least square, fixed effect model and Random effect model followed by two-stage least-squares approach (2SLS) with instrumental variables to correct for potential endogeneity. Additionally, for the robustness of the results, Multilevel analysis model (MLAM) is also performed to consider for potential nesting effect of the data. Results shows positive and significant meaning that if a firm invests in its environment, social and governance activities well, ultimately gets paid significantly in terms of increased financial performance. These results are also in line with the Triple Bottom Line model. TQ as FP measure shows negative association with ESG in almost all estimation models. The comparative analysis also exhibits mixed results, while results are not encouraging for Pakistan. Practical and policy implications of the study give perspective on the value of ESG performance. Which can help managers by increasing corporate reputation and firm performance, practitioners who are looking for green and sustainable innovations and policy institutions and the firms by establishing a supervision and transparency mechanism and sharing ESG ratings. Supervised by Dr. Sajid Ali 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z