http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/728 2026-04-04T10:43:06Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6197 Nasal Itching And Bleeding Due To Excessive Exposure To Air Conditioners Asghar, Adnan; Anwar -ul-Haq; Shoukat, Hussain; KHAN, Muhammad; Gul, Asif Alam Introduction: Nasal mucosa is very sensitive when it is exposed to extreme dry and cold weather conditions. Persistent or recurrent nasal itching due to such exposure is usually followed by the epistaxis. Objective of the study was to analyze effects of excessive exposure to dry and cold air of air conditioners on nose in terms of nasal itching and epistaxis. Methods: This prospective cohort study carried out on 144 healthy Pakistani individuals working in United Nations Hospital in Nyala, Sudan from February 2014 to May 2014. Individuals spending less than 8 hours daily inside air conditioners were compared to those spending more than 15 hours daily. Chi square tests were applied to compare the proportions of incidence of nasal itching and epistaxis between these two groups as well as between two age groups. Results: Mean age of all 144 subjects was 35.01 years (± 6.4). Chi square test results confirmed that there was statistically significant difference of both the symptoms (nasal itching p-value 0.021 and nasal bleeding p-value 0.044) between two groups. Those spending more time in air conditioners were significantly more affected by dry and cold air. As for as the age group is concerned significantly higher number of subjects of ages more than 40 years had nasal bleeding compared to the younger age group (equal or less than 40 years). Conclusion: Effects of exposure of dry air of air conditioners on nasal mucosa in terms of nasal itching and nasal bleeding were found to be significantly higher when subjects were exposed 15 hours or more per day. Furthermore nasal bleeding was more commonly seen in elderly subjects (more than 40 years) due to such exposure 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6198 Frequency Of Post-operative Hypocalcaemia Following Thyroid Surgery At A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Sindh Qazi, Summaya; Almani, Khalil Ahmed; Bhanbhro, Rizwnullah Junied; Khaatri, Diya Ram The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of post-operative hypocalcaemia following thyroid surgery at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh Study design: Observational study Place and Duration: Department of surgery, Isra University Hospital from December 2014 to July 2017. Materials and Methods: 100 cases of thyroid swellings were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre- operative patient history, physical examination, thyroid gland examination and laboratory investigations were performed. A serum calcium levels <8 mg/dl was taken as hypocalcemia. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21 version and P value (P< 0.05) was considered significant. Results: Of 100 patients, 67% were female and 33% were male (P=0.0001). Female dominancy was noted with female to male ratio of 2.03:1. Age (mean± SD) was noted as 37.5 ± 9.5 years (19 – 48 years). Frequency of symptomatic hypocalcaemia was noted in 23% subjects post operatively. Mean± SD serum calcium and phosphate in post operative hypocalcemia subjects was noted as 7.31 ± 0.38 mg/dl and 2.95 ± 0.63 mg/dl respectively. Majority of symptomatic hypocalcemia were noted within 72 hours post operatively. Conclusion: The present study reports 23% frequency of post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia noted within 72 hours post operatively. Goiters of long duration, recurrent goiters, hyperthyroidism and goiters with retro sternal extensions were found risk factors for the post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6323 Responsiveness Of Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) And Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ) In Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Undergoing Vaginal Reconstructive Surgery Versus Women With No Surgery Mehboob, Naila; Asma, Rauf; Shahid, Ghana; Sultana, Tehreem; Mahmud, Ghazala Objective: To determine the responsiveness of Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ) in women with pelvic organ prolapse, undergoing vaginal reconstructive surgery versus women with no surgery. Methodology: This study was a cross sectional comparative study carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Mianwali in a period from January 2011 to December 2015. Prolapsed women with stage II or more and with willingness for surgery were included in the surgery group. Those willing for conservative management (pelvic floor exercises) were included in the non-surgical group. All patients in both groups completed the PFDI and PFIQ at baseline and 6 month follow-up. Results: Mean (±SD) age, weight, and parity of the patients were 51.42 (±9.07) years, 58.60 (±6.8) kg and 4.00 (±2.14) respectively. More than half of the patients (61%) belonged to low socio economic status, followed by middle class 34% and upper class 5%. Majority of the patients (61%) were post-menopausal. Most of the patients (72%) had stage II prolapse, followed by stage III (27%) and stage IV (1%). Among the associated symptoms, voiding dysfunction (81%) was most commonly observed symptom. At baseline all the scores were found to be significantly high in surgical group as compared to non-surgical group however at follow-up significantly low scores were observed in surgical group than non-surgical group. Also, significant decrease in mean scores was observed in both the groups from baseline to follow-up. Conclusion: The PFDI and PFIQ both are responsive to change in women undergoing surgical and non-surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse. But PFDI and PFIQ are more responsive to change in the surgical group. It was also concluded that PFDI is more responsive than the PFIQ in women with pelvic organ relapse 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6315 School Dental Health Services In Pakistan: A Challenging Situation Daud, Mirza 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z