http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19729 2026-04-04T12:35:31Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20215 Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Patient Safety among Undergraduate Medical Students of IIMC Dr Syed Ahmed Shafiq Bukhari, Dr Iqra Mukhtar, Dr Aqsa Rasool, Dr Saleha Fatima, Dr SaqibSattar and Dr Zaid Habib Qureshi Even though the patient safety training is essential for minimizing avoidable harm, it is only occasionally included in undergraduate medical courses.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was 1.to evaluate final-year MBBS students at Islamabad Islamic Medical College (IIMC) about their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of patient safety 2.To assess the expectations of healthcare professionals regarding patient care at working places.MethodologyFrom January to March 2022, a cross-sectional survey was done at IIMC with 178final-year MBBS students (response rate: 84.2%) using a validated, 25-item questionnaire modified from the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide. Ethical permission was obtained. SPSS v21 was used to analyze the data, which included descriptive statistics (frequency, mean) and inferential tests (chi-square, logistic regression).ResultsThe majority of pupils showed a moderate understanding of patient safety principles. Perceptions of the institutional safety culture varied, even though views were generally positive, especially regarding teamwork and error disclosure. Many students voiced doubts about how to handle errors and have candid conversations about them. Increased comprehension and trust in putting safety procedures into practice were substantially correlated with clinical exposure.ConclusionThere is a need for more structured, experiential learning opportunities to reinforce patient safety principles. Integrating simulation, case-based learning, and non-punitive error reporting systems into the curriculum can foster a more safety-oriented healthcare mindset among future physicians. Lecturer Dr Syed Ahmed Shafiq Bukhari, Pathology BUCM 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20461 Directly acting antivirals improve insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis Pratik Lamichhane, MBBS, Saed S.K. Makhlouf, MDb, Kanza Saleem, MBBSc, Darshan Senliya, MBBSd, Afreen Wajid, MBBSe, Kapil Khanal, MBBS, Anushka Agrawal, MD Aims: Insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the extrahepatic complications of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of novel directly acting antivirals (DAAs) on insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity parameters in nondiabetic patients with chronic HCV infection. Methods: A systematic search of medical databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) was conducted for studies published until July 2024. Studies investigating the effect of any DAA on insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity parameters in nondiabetic patients with chronic HCV and sustained virologic response were included. Our study assessed the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) as the primary outcome. The pooled outcomes were compared pretreatment and posttreatment with DAAs using Hedges’ g (HG) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 10 studies (1309 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Insulin resistance measured by the HOMA-IR was significantly reduced with DAA therapy (HG = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.48–1.25, P < 0.001). A similar significant reduction in fasting insulin levels was observed following DAA therapy (HG = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.51–1.25, P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were seen in Homeostasis model assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-B) (HG = 0.12, 95% CI: −0.0 to 0.24, P = 0.06) before and after DAAs use. Conclusions: The use of DAAs in nondiabetic chronic HCV patients with a sustained virologic response also significantly reduces insulin resistance and fasting insulin levels. Lecturer Dr Afreen Wajid Pathology, BUCM 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20462 Seven-Year Trend Analysis Of Dyslipidemia Among Patients Reporting To Tertiary Care Hospital In Rawalpindi, Pakistan Alishba Waheed, Asma Nafisa, Wafa Omer, Huma Amin, Amina Tariq, Muhammad Umar Objective: Dyslipidemia is a noticeable cause of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study was to analyse the cholesterol and triglyceride levels of patients presenting for lipid profile. Methods: A total of 9989 participants presenting to Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, for the Lipid profile assessment were enrolled in this study. The participants were included irrespective of age and gender. Data was retrieved from HMIS for the last 7 years (2015-2022). Enzymatic colourimetric techniques were used to examine the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Dyslipidemia was defined based on standard guidelines by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Results: Out of the total of 9989 presented with signs and symptoms of dyslipidemia, 401(4%) were subjects under 19 years of age. Among the adult patients, 4283(44 .7%) were males and 5305 (55.3%) were females. Females have significantly high concentrations of cholesterol median (min-max), 203.25(48-1157) as compared to males, 196.95 (2-924). Mann Whitney, p value= 0.0001. Significant. difference was not observed for the concentrations of triglycerides in both genders (p=0.761) Substantial difference in concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in different age groups Kruskal Wallise H 145.09 p –value 0.0001, Kruskal Wallise H 171 51 .09 p –value 0.0001 , respectively. Conclusion: Highest number of patient with dyslipidemia were observed in age group between 40-52 years. Mean cholesterol level in females were significantly higher as compared to males. Prevalence of isolated hypercholesterolemia and isolated hypertriglyceridemia in our study was 50.3% and 59.9% respectively. Lecturer Dr Afreen Wajid Pathology, BUCM 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20464 Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy and GeneXpert MTB/ RIF assays from pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens in a tertiary care hospital setting Nadia Wali, Huma Amin, Sara Arif, Sadaf Kazmi, Fatima tuz Zuhra, Sadaf Waris Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert over ZN microscopy in pulmonary and extra pulmonary suspected tuberculosis samples. Study Design: Retrospective Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: January 2024 to June 2024. Methods: All suspected tuberculosis cases from pulmonary and extra pulmonary samples were subjected to ZN microscopy and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF. Samples irrespective of age and gender were included in the study and spot specimens were excluded. Frequency and percentages were calculated for variables using SPSS v.26. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of ZN microscopy and GeneXpert were also analyzed. Results: Out of total 813 suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) specimens, 467(57.4%) were males while 346(42.5%) were females. Among all the samples, 695 (85.48%) were pulmonary and 118 (14.51%) were extra-pulmonary samples. The total number of samples stained positive with ZN were 106 (13.03%) whereas, sample detected postive on GeneXpert MTB/RIF were found to be 124 (15.25%). Out of all ZN postive samples detected by ZN staining method, 103 (97%) were PTB and 3 (03%) were EPTB samples. Whereas the positive samples detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF comprised of 109 (88%) PTB and 15 (12%) were EPTB samples. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF was found to be 85.48% and 100% respectively, with a 100% PPV and 97.4% NPV in this study. Conclusion: GeneXpert MTB/RIF has a higher sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional ZN smear microscopy. GeneXpert has detected more positive cases from both PTB and EPTB specimens. Associate Professor Dr Huma Amin, Pathology, BUCM 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z