http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19613 2026-04-04T12:35:31Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19622 Effectiveness of Human Capital and IPRs on Economic Growth: An empirical Evidence From Low, Middle and High Income Countries Asad Sultan, 01-392221-001 The thesis titled "Effectiveness of human capital and intellectual property rights on economic growth: An empirical evidence from High, Middle and Low income countries" aims to investigate the relationship between human capital, intellectual property rights, and economic growth across countries with different income levels. The study will use a panel dataset covering a period of twenty years for a diverse group of countries to examine the impact of human capital and intellectual property rights on economic growth. The study will employ various statistical techniques, including regression analysis, to explore the relationship between human capital, intellectual property rights, and economic growth while controlling for other factors such as trade, infrastructure, and institutions. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the existing literature on the role of human capital and intellectual property rights in promoting economic growth in different income level countries. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between human capital, intellectual property rights, and economic growth in high, middle, and low-income countries. Specifically, it aims to examine the effectiveness of human capital and intellectual property rights in promoting economic growth and to identify any potential variations in this relationship across different income levels. Design/Methodology/Approach: The thesis will employ an empirical approach using panel data analysis to investigate the relationship between human capital, intellectual property rights, and economic growth. The study will use data from World Banks World development Indicators, and will cover a period of twenty years to allow for a longitudinal analysis. The study will use econometric techniques such as fixed-effects and random-effects models to estimate the relationship between human capital, intellectual property rights, and economic growth, while controlling for other factors that may affect economic growth. Findings: The study aims to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between human capital, intellectual property rights, and economic growth in high, middle, and low-income countries. The findings will shed light on the effectiveness of these factors in promoting economic growth and will help to identify any potential differences in this relationship across different income levels. The study is expected to contribute to the existing literature by providing updated evidence on the relationship between human capital, intellectual property rights, and economic growth, particularly in the context of different income levels. Originality/Value: This thesis contributes to the existing literature by providing new empirical evidence on the relationship between human capital, intellectual property rights, and economic growth, particularly in the context of different income levels. Furthermore, the study will use data from World banks World Development Indicators and cover a period of twenty years, which will allow for a more comprehensive analysis of the relationship. The findings of this study will have important implications for policymakers in terms of promoting economic growth and development. Supervised by Dr. Abdul Sattar 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19620 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change, Financial Development and Other Macro Variables on Agricultural Productivity in South Asian Economies Pakeeza Azhar, 01-392221-006 This study examines the intricate relationships between CO2 emissions, renewable energy, institutional quality, and human capital, and their impact on agricultural productivity in South Asian economies, with a specific focus on Pakistan. By employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method, this research investigates the interconnectedness and dynamics of these variables over an extensive time period. The findings reveal the positive influence of financial development, human capital, and institutional quality on agricultural growth. However, the study underscores the critical need to address climate change challenges and reduce CO2 emissions to ensure long-term sustainability. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significance of developing human capital, promoting renewable energy sources, improving institutional quality, and implementing sustainable agricultural practices. These insights provide policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers with valuable information to make informed decisions and formulate strategies that drive sustainable agricultural development and foster economic growth in the region. The implications of this research extend beyond academic discourse, as it contributes to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals. By addressing the identified factors, South Asian countries can enhance agricultural productivity, strengthen resilience, and make substantial strides towards achieving global targets. This study serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, guiding them towards effective measures that promote sustainable agricultural practices, mitigate climate change impacts, and optimize resource allocation. Supervised by Dr. Abdul Sattar 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19621 The Role of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Trade Openness Exchange Rate and Political Regimes on Pakistan’s External Debt: An Evidence From ARDL Approach Muhammad Naqi Zaman, 01-392221-005 This study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), trade openness, exchange rate, and political regimes on the external debt of Pakistan. Time series data from 1977 to 2022 is utilized, with external debt as the dependent variable, and FDI, GDP, trade openness, exchange rate, and political regimes as the independent variables. The findings reveal that external debt, FDI, GDP, trade openness, and political regimes significantly impact the current values of external debt. However, the exchange rate was found to have an insignificant impact on external debt. These results highlight the importance of prudent borrowing practices, attracting FDI, promoting economic growth, ensuring trade openness, and maintaining political stability in managing external debt. The insignificant impact of the exchange rate suggests that policymakers should prioritize other factors when formulating strategies for debt management and economic development. Supervised by Dr. Farah Waheed 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19615 Nexus Among Economic Growth and Macroeconomic Variables: An ARDL Approach for Pakistan Taymoor Nazeer, 01-392221-007 Economic growth is one of the core objectives concerned with the nation's macroeconomic policies globally. Economic growth is concerned with the macroeconomic variables, the study caters to the connection and relation between the macroeconomic variables and economic growth in the specific context of the country, Pakistan. The research aimed to examine the relationship between the different macroeconomic and governance variables and economic growth by providing evidence from Pakistan by using the ARDL approach over the extended time period of 1996 to 2022 against secondary data.Considering the trends throughout the time period 1996 to 2022 strong positive relationship found between political stability and Exchange rate was found which signifies that Political stability increase the Remittances in the country. There is strong association found between GDP and remittances. The relationship between governance and un-employment found strong which indicate that strong governance is necessary for improving un-employment rate. findings by applying ARDLeconometric model that there exists a statistically significant and positive long-term cointegration between the EXR and GDP as 0.04 < 005. This implies that an increase of one unit in the exchange rate will result in an increase in the GDP by 1.57 units over the long run. The variable GDP has also maintained a statistically significant and positive long-term cointegration with its lagged values GDP (-1) as 0.00 < 005. There also exists a statistically significant and negative long-term cointegration between the PSTB and GDP as 0.04 < 005. Due to change in political setup growth is negatively effecting since political system in Pakistan is unstable. Nonetheless, the study does not find any long-term cointegration between GDP and REMT Likewise, the study also does not find any long-term cointegration between GDP and UEMP. The research findings help to illuminate the complex interconnections between various economic indicators and Pakistan’s economy. On the one hand, remittances are quite beneficial for economic growth, while the influence of exchange rates, in addition to political stability, tends to be more complicated. Study reveals that Political stability, Effective governance and good Laws are significant factors that affects the economic growth. Supervised by Dr. Abdul Sattar 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z