http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/172 2026-04-04T10:43:01Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20527 Inter-Provincial Water Dispute in Pakistan: Challenges and Way Forward Aqib Khan, 01-260241-001 This thesis investigates the complex inter-provincial water disputes in Pakistan, focusing on the historical, political, and institutional factors that have shaped water governance. The study examines the evolution of water allocation systems, particularly following the partition of British India and the subsequent agreements such as the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 and the Water Apportionment Accord of 1991. By analyzing the socio-political dynamics between the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, the research highlights the inequities in water distribution, exacerbated by population growth, climate change, and political interference. The research applies Conflict Resolution Theory to understand the underlying causes of water-related conflicts and suggests practical solutions for improving water governance. The study advocates for institutional reforms, the enhancement of transparency in water distribution, and the adoption of modern technologies such as digital water management systems. Furthermore, it calls for a more equitable water-sharing framework that considers the evolving demands of agriculture, industry, and domestic use. Ultimately, this thesis aims to provide actionable recommendations for achieving sustainable and just water resource management in Pakistan, emphasizing the need for cooperation between federal and provincial institutions and international collaboration for managing transboundary water resources. Supervised by Dr. Muhammad Fahim Khan 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19561 Social Impact of State Charity Provided To the Vulnerable Segments of Society in Baltistan : An Ethnographic Study of the Poor Living on State Charity in Baltistan Arifa Batool, 01-251231-001 This study explores the social impact of state charity programs, with a specific focus on the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) and Prime Minster youth laptop scheme (PMYLS) in Baltistan and examines how such initiatives influence the well-being of vulnerable individuals. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of direct financial and material support in addressing immediate needs, identify the disadvantages of these programs, such as dependency and inefficiency, and assess their long-term contributions to social progress, resilience, and sustainable development within communities. This study used a qualitative ethnographic approach to explore the lived experiences of individuals reliant on state charity. The findings show that while programs such as BISP and the PMYLS provide short-term relief, they are not sustainable for long-term development. The study emphasizes shifting focus toward capacity-building to promote self-sufficiency and lasting progress. It highlights the need to enhance individual capabilities and expand opportunities as key indicators of development. The integration of state charity with educational, vocational, and healthcare initiatives is recommended as a strategy to break cycles of dependency and encourage long-term societal transformation. This research is significant for policymakers and development practitioners, offering critical insights into the benefits and limitations of direct support programs. By addressing the challenges and emphasizing skill-building and resource access, the study advocates for a more sustainable approach to state charity, ensuring lasting social progress and improved livelihoods for vulnerable populations. Supervised by Dr. Abdul Waheed Rana 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19560 Cultural Change and Modern Economic Trends: A Digital Ethnography of V-logging in Pakistan Sana Dabir, 01-251231-008 V-logging has become the economic opportunity in the digital time period and the youth has gained economic opportunities in race to fulfil other employment deficiencies. This research aims to find the impact of the trend of v-logging on youth of Pakistan and how it contributes to the personality development and cultural change. It also focuses upon the modern economic opportunities that come with the use of v-logging as a tool. The method used to conduct this research is the digital ethnography. I have conducted this research for over a year where I began it by studying the v-loggers in the digital platforms by interacting with them in the comment sections. The filed work lasted for 6 months from February to August. This research took place in Islamabad. The major findings of this research employ that the youth of Pakistan has been fascinated by the trend of v-logging since the beginning. The use of v-logging as a source of income serves as an easier way of finance enhancement but the challenges, in terms of privacy, negative response, hatred, also comes alongside the success. The influencers believe that v-logging is a new way of life. Displaying and sharing their everyday activities and routine, with their followers, motivate them to be more practical and punctual with their digital media presence. Not just for the fun and entertainment element, v-logging has been used for abundant of other purpose like knowledge, learning, motivation, cultural awareness, personality development and empathy. I believe that this trend has made the youth of Pakistan more independent in terms of finance. They have gained economic empowerment by earning money through vlogs at a very young ae which was a noel phenomenon in terms of cultural change and economic opportunities. It also contributed in building their social identities in digital spaces and living a life of independence. Supervised by Dr. Majid Hussain 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/19562 Voices from the Margins: A Study on the Lived Experiences of Street Children in Islamabad Areen Pervaiz, 01-251222-002 This study focuses on the life experience of street children in the capital city of Pakistan (Islamabad), especially in the commercial area of I-8 Markaz, where they labour to work and live daily. Data were gathered using a qualitative ethnographic approach by participant observation and in-depth interviews with 20 street children (12–18 years). Thematic analysis is used to elucidate key themes: resilience, social marginalization, health issues, psychological implications, and economic recognition. The study attributed this to poverty and breakdowns of families that prevent the children from institutional support such that they are forced to seek informal labour like trash collecting, begging and petty vending. They suffer through a complicated life filled with social stigma, lack of access to healthcare and education, marginalization, and abuse. They have survival strategies, resilience, and adaptability, with which they overcome those hardships and hope for a better tomorrow. It proves necessary policy changes to offer protection and healthcare and education services according to realities on the streets of Islamabad. This study demands different health attitudes and a more extensive approach to advocating for child development in the urban milieu to empower this child population. Supervised by Dr. Majid Hussain 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z