http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/11987 2026-04-04T12:27:35Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20482 The Impact of Order Discrepancy Handling and Operational Informational Sharing on Supply Chain Performance: The Mediating Role of Supply Chain Visibility Armoghan Ahmed, 01-321241-026 In the modern world where the competition is very high and the economies are interconnected. Supply chain performance has emerged as a key element of business success. Particularly for retail businesses in developing countries like Pakistan. Although in the global market supply chain practices are very advanced, still many retail companies in Pakistan struggle with inefficiencies such as order discrepancies, limited information sharing, and lack of visibility across their supply chain networks. These issues not only slow down operations but also impact customer satisfaction, operational costs, and trust between supply chain partners. This research investigates the influence of two critical operational practices—Order Discrepancy Handling (ODH) and Operational Information Sharing (OIS)—on overall Supply Chain Performance (SCP), while also inspecting the mediating role of Supply Chain Visibility (SCV). This study uses Resource-Based View (RBV) as a theoretical foundation. This study adopts a quantitative research approach, gathering data from 229 professionals working in the retail supply chain sector across Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Respondents included individuals with varying levels of experience, roles, and educational backgrounds. They gave a well-rounded perspective on current practices in the field. The findings reveal that both ODH and OIS significantly contribute to better supply chain outcomes. Companies that actively manage order discrepancies and promote transparent, timely sharing of operational data tend to experience improved coordination, fewer disruptions, and greater customer satisfaction. A key finding of this study is that supply chain visibility (SCV) plays a major mediation role in improving performance. This means that when firms can track their supply chain activities in real time, it boosts the benefits of handling order issues and sharing information. Supply chain visibility allows companies to identify potential issues earlier, by which they can make proactive decisions, and make a response more swiftly to switch in demand or supply conditions. This study is useful for researchers, practitioners and policy makers. For researchers, it shows how different parts of supply chain operations—like handling order discrepancies and sharing information—are connected and how they affect overall performance, especially in places with fewer resources. For business managers and policymakers, the study gives practical advice: use advanced technology to improve visibility, encourage teamwork and open communication, and create clear systems to deal with order issues. In a country like Pakistan, where many businesses still use old systems and informal ways of working, these steps can help companies become more organized, efficient, and ready to handle future challenges. In conclusion, this study shows that improving supply chain performance isn’t just about solving individual issues. It is all about creating systems that can work together, share information, and adapt quickly when things change. Businesses in Pakistan face growing pressure from digital advancements and global competition. It is important to adopt practices that improve visibility, encourage transparency, and support teamwork. These changes are not only helpful for solving current problems but are also key to long-term success and staying competitive in the future. Supervised by Ms. Javeria Aftab 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20485 Evaluating The Impact of Green HRM on Environmental Sustainability (ES) Directly and Indirectly through Internal and External SCM in SMEs of Punjab Abdul Raffay, 01-221241-001 This study aims to examine Evaluating the Impact Of Green HRM on Environmental Sustainability (ES) directly and indirectly through Internal and External SCM in SMEs of Punjab. I have four variables in my study: the independent variable was Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), dependent variable was Environmental Sustainability, and two mediating variables were Internal and external Green Supply chain Management (GSCM). Quantitative-deductive approach has been used in the study while explanatory type of investigation has been employed as methodological design. 219 respondents were collected from different working sectors of SMEs of Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan using nonprobability convenience sampling technique. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire has been used for data collection instruments while self-administered survey methodology has been used for data collection. For hypothesis relationship testing, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. The application PLS-SEM for data analysis neglected the data distributional aspects and handled comparatively small sample responses; therefore, generalizability of my findings has been constrained to certain extent. My finding reveals GHRM does not have any significant direct effect on environmental sustainability, but it has significant effect on IGSCM and EGSCM, which in turn positively impacts ES. The mediation analysis of my study confirms that both IGSCM and EGSCM fully mediate the relationship between GHRM and ES, with EGSCM exhibiting a slightly stronger mediating effect. My study highlights that GHRM act as an facilitator which give awareness and competencies to employees, which plays a critical role in implementing green practices across the supply chain. This study contributes to the limited literature on environmental management in SMEs, particularly in developing countries, by demonstrating how GHRM influences sustainability through supply chain interventions. Practical implications include the need for SMEs to align green HR practices with operational and external supply chain strategies. To strengthen the sustainability across SME networks this study also provides suggestions for policymakers to support capacity building, green training and supplier collaboration programs. Further it is suggested that future study must look at moderating variables so longitudinal analyses must run to confirm these findings. Supervised by Dr. Syed Haider Ali Shah 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20484 Green Intellectual Capital and Green Supply Chain Performance: Do Artificial Intelligence Analytics Capabilities Matter? Syed Hamza Ali, 01-322232-030 Over the past few decades, because of technology’s importance, business methods have advanced rapidly, leading to more innovation, higher efficiency and better industry integration. Among different technologies, AI is having the strongest impact and is now changing fields such as supply chain management, health care, education and manufacturing (Sah et al., 2024). AI is able to manage huge databases and remove all the unnecessary data which helps companies streamline their activities, pick the best solutions and handle changes in the market. Because digitization has become so widespread, organizations are using AI to handle problems such as uncertain economies, many scarcities and troubling environmental issues. By using AI, organizations would be able to focus on critical issues, improve performance and help promote responsible and environment-friendly production and global/economic goals (Sanders et al., 2019). AI impacts more than industries; it is used in many parts of society such as in green supply chains and for sustainability. The tool is important for helping the world solve vital issues, for example, climate change, managing resources and disruptions in supply chains (Dauvergne, 2020). Jordan has turned to AI to support its economy and aim for green benefits, proving that using technology in an eco-friendly way works well. AI enables a company to manage its resources better, cut down on waste and work efficiently with green intellectual capital and green supply chain management plans. As a result of working together, AI makes it possible for the stakeholders to strengthen their connection between green intellectual capital and supply chain performance. They make manufacturing cleaner, lead to a more sustainable future, increase long-term wealth and change the global economy. When businesses use AI, they can introduce new solutions, adjust to changes and take part in international efforts for environmental sustainability in a new age of growth (AL-Khatib & Shuhaiber, 2022). Supervised by Ms. Javeria Aftab 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20481 Impact of the Green Supply Chain on Consumer Purchase Intention for Organic Beauty Products : The Moderating Role of Brand Trust Mayaning, 01-322232-041 The research examines the effects of Green Supply Chain Management practices on organic beauty product purchase choices in Pakistan through brand trust intermediary analysis. More companies actively introduce environmentally conscious initiatives into their supply networks as both environmental consciousness and market need for eco-friendly products increases. Research about the effects of these practices on consumer actions in emerging markets remains minimal. By using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical framework researchers examined purchase intention effects from green procurement and green manufacturing and green logistics with specific investigation into brand trust as a relationship intensifier. Researchers adopted a quantitative research approach using an online structured questionnaire addressed to 230 urban consumers. PLS-SEM provided the analytical framework to verify the proposed research hypotheses. The data confirmed that GSCM dimensions have positive substantial influences on purchase intention yet green procurement generates the highest impact. Brand trust enhanced the relationship between GSCM practices and consumer purchase intention according to the results. The impact proved strong for consumers who placed high trust in brands. The study verified the TPB theory in green consumerism using empirical data while establishing brand trust as an influential mediating condition. The research presents valuable strategic recommendations to companies in organic beauty which should include supply chain transparency and credibility-building programs to build consumer trust. Standardized ecolabel promotion together with public-private partnerships and anti-greenwashing regulation represent the policy features from this research. Studies of sustainability receive new insights through this investigation because it unites consumer behavior research, trust theory, and green supply chain practices applying them to developing markets. The authors provide research directions for upcoming investigations that include studies about sustainable purchasing actions through social media along with ruralurban variations in brand loyalty retention Supervised by Ms. Izza Shahzad 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z