http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/117 2026-04-04T12:04:32Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16577 THE IMPACT OF IFRS 16 IMPLEMENTATION ON KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS: AN EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN COMPANY: PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES Saleem, Osama Reg # 64949; Mahnoor Reg # 64945; Ali, Rohaid Reg # 64926 The controversial history of lease accounting stems from its use as a method offinancing that is "off-balance-sheet." Public demand for increased transparency in financial reporting has led to heightened interest in lease accounting within the accounting profession. Despite longstanding concerns, lease accounting remained unchanged for over 30 years until the introduction of IFRS number 16. Prior to this, lease accounting provisions were governed by International Accounting Standard (IAS) number 17, which allowed for 2 types of lease accounting method: operating and finance leases. However, disagreements still exist regarding how operational leases should be handled in the lessees' financial accounts. (Ali, S. (2021). Lease accounting can be split into two categories: operating lease accounting and finance lease accounting. The former only records lease expenses on the income statement, whereas the latter reports depreciation and finance charges on the income statement in lease commitments and assets added to the statement offinancial position. Operating lease accounting is known as "off balance-sheet", while finance lease accounting is called "on-balance-sheet". The lack ofleased asset and liability information on the financial position statement can make it difficult for stakeholders to compare lessees and have a full view ofthe lessee's financial situation. (AL Hussain, R. F.2019) The IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) 16 was instituted to address criticisms ofthe IAS 17 and rectify the omission ofmany lease transactions from balance sheets, which previously made it challenging to estimate off-balance-sheet amounts. Prepare for a fundamental change in lease recording and financial reporting with the introduction of IFRS 16. Operating leases lasting over one year will now be capitalized, eliminating the previously used "off-balance-sheet" accounting treatment. For businesses with significant operating leases, this change will lead to a noticeable increase in assets and liabilities and a decline in equity, which could have an effect on financial ratios. A company's financial situation and performance over time can be determined using financial ratios, which are an effective tool. (Cumming, C. J. (2019). Numerous global studies have focused on analyzing the effect of IFRS 16 on the financial sector. In Turkey, a specific study investigated how the implementation ofIFRS 16 influenced financial ratios such as debt, asset and equity, ROA, and ROE. The study specifically examined retail companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange and found significant statistical effects on their ratios due to the new accounting standard. Another Finnish study evaluated the 2015 fiscal years financial statements and numerous financial standards, such as the capitalization ratio, current ratio, and Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The analysis showed that the top three Finnish construction companies, YIT Corporation, Lemminkainen Corporation, and SRV Group Pic, all experienced worsening gearing and current ratios as a result ofthe adoption ofIFRS 16. (Fuad, F., et al, 2022) Pakistan has recently implemented IFRS 16. This change has been in effect since January 1st, 2019. This study analyzes how this new adoption ofimpacts the key financial ratios as well as financial statement of public companies in Pakistan, particularly those who rely heavily operating leases. The research specifically focuses on airline operators, who often use lease finance for their aircraft fleets. This study is particularly relevant since 2019 marks the beginning ofIFRS 16 implementation for all public companies in Pakistan. In short, IFRS 16 was created to address the issue ofoff-balance-sheet leasing transactions that IAS 17's statement offinancial condition did not include. This made it challenging for users to assess the liabilities and assets ofleasing companies and estimate the amount off-balance sheet. Following its implementation, companies with significant operating leases can expect its financial ratios would be significantly impacted by a rise in liabilities, assets, and a decline in equity. The goal ofthis study was to determine how IFRS 16 might affect Pakistan International Airlines' (PIA), an airline firm that financed its aircraft through leases, financial statements, and key ratios. The implementation ofIFRS 16 will affect all public firms in Pakistan starting in 2019, hence this research is quite pertinent. Supervised by Javeria Naveed 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16578 DETERMINANTS OF ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY CHANNELS IN BANKING SECTOR Fatima, Urooj Reg # 64923; Siddiqui, Kibra Reg # 64937; Mutaal, Abdul Reg # 60113 This thesis focuses the precedence of alternative delivery channels in Pakistan's banking sector, notably in the city of Karachi. ADCs are becoming a well-known platform for banks to supply economic services to customers located in unique sectors ofthe industry study aims to identify the large demographic and carrier shipping variables that may influence the use ofADCs by banking clients in Pakistan. The research employs a confirmatory technique via deductive method software and information collecting from a non-probabilistic pattern length of300 respondents via the convenience sampling strategy. The conclusions ofthis study on .The can help banks in Pakistan enhance their carrier shipping channels, and they may also be generalized to other city areas throughout the world. The study findings lead the researchers to the conclusion that clients have a variety of options for using direct banking channels. It has been discovered that there is a significant association between the use of ADCs and the demographic variables of gender, educational level, and wages, as well as the provider transport aspects of time-economic savings and convenience. Despite this, the logistic regression results revealed that age, the proportion of savings on transaction expenses, and transaction protection are undersized. Furthermore, the outcomes of this study suggest that banks should underline the role of generation as a vital enabler in improving customer enjoyment and satisfaction. It is also vital for banks to conduct effective ADC training programs for both their clients and their employees. Banks should engage on building targeted advertising to help clients overcome their skepticism about these new channels, which is a necessary step in boosting their use. Finally, when it comes to implementing new technology, all institutions should prioritize customer security. Supervised by Asad Ali Minhas 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16576 THE IMPACT OF INVESTING AND FINANCING DECISIONS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE IN TEXTILE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Amin, Ashmal Muhammad Reg # 60112; Ali, Mohid Muhammad Reg # 64928; Ali, Syed Adeel Reg # 60122 The goal of the study was to determine how Pakistani textile companies' performance affected by investing and financing decisions. Panel data from the annual reports of businesses engaged in Pakistan's textile industry used in the study for this aim. A longitudinal research design and quantitative research methodology are used. The panel data results show a considerable and favorable influence of investing and financing decisions on business performance. According to the data, Pakistani textile companies may experience better performance by improving their investing and financing decisions. This suggests that in order to enhance their financial performance, Pakistani textile companies should prioritize capital investments and financing. For Pakistani textile companies looking to make strategic investment decisions, the research's findings may be helpful. The findings of this study can also help investors and policymakers in the textile industry make better investment decisions. The study may have influenced how the researchers conduct future studies. Supervised by Qaiser Abbas 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16573 IMPACT OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE: MEDIATING ROLE OF STUDENT SATISFACTION Zia, Bismah Reg # 64956; Rasheed, Fozi Reg # 64954; Ateeq, Marium Reg # 64947 The study investigates Impact ofSkill Development Training on Student Performance; Mediating Role of Student Satisfaction. The study adopted the Quantitative research design and secondary cross-sectional data is used which was acquired through the use of a questionnaire with a sample size of 284 participants. The participants have undergone training for skills and then later their performance is evaluated through questionnaire. Quality of instructor, course design, instructor prompt feedback and student feedback are our independent variables, and the dependent variable is the student performance. In present multiple platforms are being used for training purpose however, there is relatively low level of awareness in Pakistan. The development of the simple regression econometric model aims to investigate the impact of skill development training on student performance. The purposive sampling technique was used by the researcher to achieve the research objectives. The Linear Regression Model is used to test the impact ofskill development on student performance. The results ofthe study indicate that skill development training is proved beneficial for students and have fairly showed a significant impact on their performance. By providing the relevant training ofskills, student will now have betterjob opportunities and growth at their workplace. Since this will help to reduce inflation and help the economy grow Supervised by Asad Ali 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z