http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/32 2026-04-04T12:03:55Z 2026-04-04T12:03:55Z Adam Saud http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7904 2018-12-05T13:07:47Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Death Of Islam Karimov And The Future Of Islamism In Central Asia: Case Study Of Islamic Movement Of Uzbekistan Adam Saud Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) is deemed as the most lethal terrorist organization throughout Central Asian region. Although it emerged in 1998, its roots can be traced back to the era right after the demise of former Soviet Union. This Movement was created to launch an armed struggle against Islam Karimov’s regime in Uzbekistan. IMU, however, could not make solid bases in Uzbekistan and remained engaged in Tajik civil war between 1992 and 1997. After the General Peace Accord of 1997 singed between the rival groups which ended the Tajik Civil War, Uzbek militants had no choice but to move to Taliban ruled Afghanistan. The US led attack in Afghanistan after 9/11 forced the remnants of Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan to take refuge in the FATA region of Pakistan. IMU’s focus was primarily targeting Western forces in Afghanistan. However, when Pakistani government initiated a military action in FATA against the terrorists in 2004, IMU joined its hands with Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). After this union IMU started its operations in mainland Pakistan and Afghanistan. It also supported Islamists to siege Swat in 2007. From attacks on armed forces bases in Karachi and Peshawar to jail break in Bannu and from attacks on Karachi, Peshawar and Quetta airports to kidnapping for ransom, IMU had played central role in terrorist activities in Pakistan. Similar kinds of activities have been carried out by IMU in Afghanistan as well. The IMU has least focus on Central Asia for the time being and is more engaged in Afghanistan and Syria. It has joined its hands with global Islamic militant organizations. It has close relationship with Islamic State (IS) and majority of its top leadership has joined the later. The death of Mullah Omar has led to the fragmentation of IMU in different groups. One group is pro-Taliban and al-Qaeda while other supports Islamic State. IMU has helped IS to group in northern Afghanistan especially in Faryab and Zabul provinces, which are the strongest hold of later in the entire Central-South Asian region. This paper will discuss the history, objectives and operational capabilities of the IMU. It will also explain the current nexus of IMU with the IS and its impacts on the broader regions of Central and South Asia besides possible future of the group especially after the death of Islam Karimov.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Samia Majeed Hashmi http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7905 2018-12-05T13:09:40Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Exit of pakistan from imf: Implications for the economy Samia Majeed Hashmi International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in December 1945. Pakistan became member of IMF in 1950. Due to poor economic conditions Pakistan sought help from IMF again in 2008. Fiscal programs of IMF have shown remarkable effects on economies of some countries. Yet in case of Pakistan there were negative effects. The primary reason is the non-compliance to the conditions agreed to at the time of obtaining loan. The factors leading to agreement were aimed to restore macroeconomic stability, bringing down inflation and strengthening foreign currency reserves. However later on, there was a continuous increase in budget deficit and inflation. Low level of economy and law and order situations affected the Fiscal policy of Pakistan. Lately, Government of Pakistan decided to quit IMF Program on its expiry on 30 September 2011, seemingly in view of fiscally better placed. In this paper an analysis has been made in view of post quitting scenario which may accrue to our economy.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Mujahid Hussain Adam Saud Masood ur Rehman Khattak http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7711 2018-11-13T10:03:26Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Socio-Economic Determinants of Working Children: Evidence from Capital Territory of Islamabad, Pakistan Mujahid Hussain; Adam Saud; Masood ur Rehman Khattak Child labor work is a tireless social wonder in the creating scene particularly in Pakistan. In recent decades, the touchy issue of tyke work has been the consideration of policymakers, statesmen, and analysts. Any correct data on tyke work is normally rare as vast majority of the children, work in disorderly casual division, which is neither controlled by work laws nor is checked by any association. In this review, an endeavor has been made to examine the significant supply side financial determinants of working kids in Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), Pakistan. Essential information has been gathered from child workers, working in various business markets of ICT. Results demonstrate that the absence of education and obliviousness of guardians, substantial family sizes, low salary of guardians and poor work status, low grown-up business proportion were the causative variables of tyke work. These working children are typically unskilled and secure employment at an early age and are susceptible, when working timeframes are extended in disreputable conditions, have no beneficial protection, abandon adequate and legitimate sustenance and attire, and get little rest and diversion. Enactment against child work

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Muhammad Nadeem Mirza Lubna Abid Ali Irfan Hasnain Qaisrani http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7707 2018-11-13T07:40:34Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Stabilizing Disarray in the Muslim World: Turkey and the European Union Muhammad Nadeem Mirza; Lubna Abid Ali; Irfan Hasnain Qaisrani This study focuses on the growth of transnational forces and increased global interdependence in the Post-Cold War period, posing serious challenges to conservative regimes in the Middle East – manifested by popular uprisings for economic and political change, beginning 2010 in Tunisia. Since then the Arab states of Middle East are in turmoil. The situation has become complex due to the presence of Al-Qaeda network and ISIS (‘Islamic’ State of Iraq and Syria) radicals in the Middle East and Mediterranean region. Such non state extremists groups are a collective threat to future Europe also. On the other hand various countries of the Middle East and gulf region, have been engaged in waging the proxy wars against each other in order to achieve their specific objectives. Geographically, historically and politically Turkey has been a bridge between Middle East and Europe. The underlying assumption of this study establishes Turkey’s matured foreign policy not only as a model for struggling states of the Muslim World but holds keys to emerging threats to Europe. The study explores possibilities of Turkey to be central player not only for the resolution of regional issues but also as an active player at the global level.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z